Palavras-chave
Armed conflicts
International security
International law
War crimes Direito Internacional Humanitário
Conflitos armados
Segurança internacional
Direito internacional
Crimes internacionais
Como Citar
Resumo
Objetivo: O artigo analisa a evolução histórica do Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH), bem como os principais desafios contemporâneos que afetam sua efetividade e sua relação com a segurança internacional. O estudo examina o desenvolvimento das normas humanitárias desde suas origens históricas até o atual sistema jurídico internacional, discutindo as tensões entre a proteção humanitária e as dinâmicas geopolíticas contemporâneas.
Metodologia: A pesquisa adota abordagem qualitativa baseada em análise jurídico-doutrinária e histórico-analítica do Direito Internacional Humanitário. Foram examinadas fontes normativas internacionais, literatura especializada, documentos institucionais e debates contemporâneos sobre o papel do DIH no sistema internacional.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, embora o DIH tenha se consolidado como um corpo normativo essencial do direito internacional, sua efetividade enfrenta desafios significativos no contexto contemporâneo. Entre eles destacam-se o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias militares, como sistemas de armas autônomas e inteligência artificial, as violações reiteradas das normas humanitárias em conflitos armados recentes e as tensões políticas no sistema internacional que dificultam a responsabilização por crimes internacionais.
Contribuição: O estudo contribui para o debate acadêmico sobre o futuro do Direito Internacional Humanitário ao refletir sobre os caminhos possíveis para seu fortalecimento institucional, incluindo o papel do direito penal internacional, a necessidade de reforçar a cultura de cumprimento das normas humanitárias e a adaptação do DIH às novas formas de conflito e às transformações tecnológicas.
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